What was better about two of the four learning scenarios referenced?

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The wine-tasting event and learning organization workshop fully engaged the participants through a variety of activities, valued the participant

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contributions and enabled participants to learn from each other as well as gain personal experience.

What did Thorndike list as the dual purpose of adult education?

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That of changing individuals and changing society.

What did Houle observe about adult learners in his ’1961’ book, the inquiring mind?

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• Some were goal-oriented [clear cut objectives in learning]
• some were activity oriented [human interaction motivation]

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• and some were learning-oriented [ knowledge is the goal]

What do self-directed learners do well?

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Spend hundreds of hours on their learning project, a project they plan, implement and evaluate on their own

What did andragogy originally mean?

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a label for the growing body of knowledge and technology in regard to adult learning.

What four assumptions did knowles propose for andragogy?

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• 1. Maturity moves adults from dependency to self directed humans
• 2. adults accumulate reservoir of experience, useful for learning

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• 3. readiness to learn closely related to developmental tasks of his/her social role
• 4. adult is more problem centred than subject centred

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• 5. adults are driven by internal motivations
• 6. adults need to know the reason for learning something

What process does an andragogical model emphasize?

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Facilitator sets a climate for learning that physically and psychologically respects adults learners and then involve the leanings in the

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planning, delivery, and evaluation of their own learning.

How can one address the fact that adult learners want to be self-directing?

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Addressed gradually, working with adults in ways that allow for increased self-direction in their learning.

How can we ensure adult learners feel self-directed in their learning?

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Physical environment should be comfortable and adult-oriented. Psychological climate of mutual

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respect and trust, and an atmosphere of collaboration.

Do cognitive psychologists acknowledge the role of experience in a person’s ability to process information?

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Yes

When is the ’teachable moment’ to lean about parenting?

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• When he has young children

What is important when dealing with experienced adults?

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DO not reject or ignore their experience. Their experience is who they are.

Are adults always open to learning?

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No, adults can be dogmatic and closed-minded, about learning, because their prior knowledge and experience

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has worked for them, or is gratifying.

How do the many social roles adults engage in compare affect their readiness to learn?

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Readiness to learn can intersect wit the teachable moment. A newly appointed manager may be suddenly

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interested in learning performance review

Give an example of problem-centred learning?

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An adult is diagnosed with cancer and want to learn everything about it

Give another example of problem-based learning?

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Just-in-time teaching in management education .. Here students’ tackle real world business problems with an

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organization as their “client”

What psychology is androgogy firmly rooted in?

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Androgogy is firmly rooted in humanistic psychology. Adults are internally motivated, they seek increased

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job satisfaction, enhanced self-esteem, improved quality of life, and personal fulfillment.

Is all adult learning internally motivated?

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No, there are mandatory employment related training programs, like when a degree or educational program is

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mandated by a governmental or social agency.

Should we explain why adults need to know material?

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Yes. Adults want to know how the knowledge will apply to their particular situation. If they can see why,

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their motivation will be much stronger.

What is the first task of the facilitator?

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To help the learners become aware of the ’need to know’. At the very least, facilitators can make an

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intellectual case for the value of the learning in improving the effectiveness of the learners performance or the quality of their lives.

Again, what is the philosophy that underpins androgogy?

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It is based on humanist philosophy wherein the individual is central, internally motivated and self-directed, and engages in learning for

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self-fulfillment, problem solving, and greater competency in life roles.

Again, what is the instructor’s role in androgogy?

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The instructors role is to facilitate rather than dominate the learning.

What is the appeal of andragogy?

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Educators who encounter it can readily relate the assumptions to their own learning and in so doing,

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transition to planning and meaningful instruction for adults.

Is andragogy a theory of learning?

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Andragogy is considered a model of assumptions about learning, or a conceptual basis for an emergent theory.

Is androgogy on a continuum?

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Yes, pedagogy is totally teacher directed, while andragogy is totally student-directed.

How can we establish the validity of andragogy for adult learners?

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• Participation in learning activity should be voluntary.
• Objectives and instruction should be collaboratively determined.

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• learners should be adults, not traditional college-age participants.

Are tests and grades a central part of andragogy?

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Tests and grades are anathema to androgy (explicitly not good), which assumes adults are capable of self-evaluating their own learning.

What is a major critique of androgogy?

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It does not acknowledge the vast influence of social structures on the formation of personal identify and ways of interpreting the world.